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Michael Albert and Robin Hanhel's theory of participatory economics and Stephen Shalom's theory of participatory polity propose complementary visions for a participatory society.


=Decisions=
=Decisions=


Decisions are made in a series of "nested councils." Councils at the most local level send delegates to the higher councils. Delegates can vote how they want as long, but unlike in representative democracy, they are rotating and immediately recallable. The reason the delegates are not strictly bound to vote based on a mandate, Shalom says, is that such a strict procedure would prevent the higher-level councils from being deliberative bodies. Councils try to get full consensus but fall back on majority voting when consensus is not possible. Shalom adds, "the higher-level councils will only vote on matters that are relatively non-controversial. Whenever a vote is close (or when enough lower councils insist), the decision is returned to the lower councils for a decision."<ref>Stephen Shalom, "A Political System for a Good Society," ''ZNet'', 31 December 2008, zcomm.org/znetarticle/a-political-system-for-a-good-society-by-stephen1-shalom/.</ref>
In participatory polity, ''nested councils'' make decisions, striving for consensus and resorting to majority vote when consensus is not reached. From the the local councils upward, councils send immediately recallable, rotating delegates to coordinate affairs among regions. Delegates are not mandated to vote for the position favored by their council, since such an arrangement would prevent them from reaching a more informed decision based on deliberation with members from other councils. The higher councils only vote on relatively non-controversial matters. When there is a close vote, or when enough lower councils demand it, matters are returned to the lower councils for a vote. Each council above the local level has a ''council court'', made of randomly-selected, rotating citizens, who overrule decisions they deem in violation of the rights of minorities.<ref>Stephen R. Shalom, "A Political System for a Good Society," ''ZNet'', 31 December 2008, https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/a-political-system-for-a-good-society-by-stephen1-shalom/.</ref>


Each council above the local level has a council court, made of randomly-selected members serving perhaps staggered two-year terms. They review the council's decisions and overturn decisions that oppress minorities.<ref>Shalom, "A Political System for a Good Society."</ref>
=Economy=


In participatory economics, ''workers' councils'' and ''consumers' councils'' deliberate with each other in order to optimally allocate materials to workplaces and goods to consumers. Workers' councils ensure that each worker has an interesting variety of tasks and workplaces, called a ''balanced job complex''. Workers are remunerated based on their effort and sacrifice.<ref>Michael Albert, ''Life After Capitalism'', https://zcomm.org/life-after-capitalism/.</ref>


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Revision as of 12:09, 15 May 2017

Michael Albert and Robin Hanhel's theory of participatory economics and Stephen Shalom's theory of participatory polity propose complementary visions for a participatory society.

Decisions

In participatory polity, nested councils make decisions, striving for consensus and resorting to majority vote when consensus is not reached. From the the local councils upward, councils send immediately recallable, rotating delegates to coordinate affairs among regions. Delegates are not mandated to vote for the position favored by their council, since such an arrangement would prevent them from reaching a more informed decision based on deliberation with members from other councils. The higher councils only vote on relatively non-controversial matters. When there is a close vote, or when enough lower councils demand it, matters are returned to the lower councils for a vote. Each council above the local level has a council court, made of randomly-selected, rotating citizens, who overrule decisions they deem in violation of the rights of minorities.[1]

Economy

In participatory economics, workers' councils and consumers' councils deliberate with each other in order to optimally allocate materials to workplaces and goods to consumers. Workers' councils ensure that each worker has an interesting variety of tasks and workplaces, called a balanced job complex. Workers are remunerated based on their effort and sacrifice.[2]
  1. Stephen R. Shalom, "A Political System for a Good Society," ZNet, 31 December 2008, https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/a-political-system-for-a-good-society-by-stephen1-shalom/.
  2. Michael Albert, Life After Capitalism, https://zcomm.org/life-after-capitalism/.