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'''<big>Welcome to AnarchyinAction.org!</big>''' | '''<big>Welcome to AnarchyinAction.org!</big>''' | ||
[[File:Spreadanarchy.png]] | |||
[[ | [[File:Abolishthepolice.jpg|thumb|[https://www.anarchistagency.com/commentary/this-is-anarchy-eight-ways-the-black-lives-matter-and-justice-for-george-floyd-uprisings-reflect-anarchist-ideas-in-action/]]] | ||
[[ | AnarchyinAction.org provides research on anarchy. Coming from Greek words ''an'' (without) and ''archos'' (ruler), '''''anarchy''''' refers to situations without coercive hierarchy. Looking at and beyond self-proclaimed anarchist movements, we respond to Maia Ramnath's call to "locate the Western anarchist tradition as one contextually specific manifestation among a larger-indeed global-tradition of antiauthoritarian, egalitarian thought/praxis".<ref>Maia Ramnath, ''Decolonizing Anarchism: An Antiauthoritarian History of India's Liberation Struggle'' (AK Press, 2011), 6.</ref> We take our name from Colin Ward's 1973 book ''[[Anarchy in Action]]''. | ||
This wiki is written by volunteers, and we encourage you to check our work and help us to improve it. Contact us with corrections or for assistance setting up an account. If you're a member of an organization or struggle described on this website, send us information on current campaigns. | |||
[[ | [[File:Nofreedom.webp|thumb|Anarchist banners at World Conference Against Racism, Durban, 2001.[https://thisisafrica.me/politics-and-society/ways-of-life-3-indigenous-anarchism/]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Fifthsacredthing.webp|thumb|"Fifth Sacred Thing" by Jessica Perlstein, portraying [[San Francisco (The Fifth Sacred Thing)]].]] | ||
[[File:Bolobolo.png|thumb|a proposed "bolo" (source: https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/p-m-bolo-bolo)]] | |||
[[File:Clifford-harper-alternative-dream.png|thumb|Clifford Harper portrays an anarchist commune in ''Radical Technology'']] | |||
[[File:Apple Harvest by Camille Pissarro.jpg|thumb|Les chataigniers a Osny (1888) by anarchist painter Camille Pissarro.]] | |||
[[File:Weiße Dame Brandberg.JPG|thumb|ancient [[San]] artwork]] | |||
[[File:Whoever.jpg|thumb|[https://www.anarchistagency.com/critical-voices/david-damato-what-is-anarchism/]]] | |||
=Societies= | =Societies= | ||
''"Once we leave Europe, in fact, we discover that statelessness and the desire for self-government are not eternally receding utopias, but are principles that for millennia have structured communities in every part of the world."'' -Silvia Federici<ref> Silvia Federici, "Global Anarchism: Provocations" in ''No Gods, No Masters, No Peripheries: Global Anarchisms'', ed. Barry Maxwell and Raymond Crib, (Oakland: PM Press, 2015), 350-351.</ref> | |||
[ | ''"[T]here are also concepts such as anti-authoritarian or egalitarian forms of organizing. Although this differs in degrees from one Indigenous nation to another, it is, overall, a fairly strong part of our traditional culture (with some exceptions)."'' -Gord Hill<ref>"Gord Hill, Indigenous Artist and Anarchist," ''Crimethinc'', 1 August 2017, https://crimethinc.com/2017/08/01/an-interview-with-gord-hill.</ref> | ||
''"Egalitarian cities, even regional confederacies, are historically quite commonplace."''-David Graeber and David Wengrow<ref>David Graeber and David Wengrow, "How to change the course of human history,'' ''Eurozine'', 2 March 2018, https://www.eurozine.com/change-course-human-history/.</ref> | |||
==Anarchist== | |||
[[ | [[File:Makhno group.jpg|thumbnail| Nestor Makhno with members of the anarchist [[Revolutionary Ukraine|Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Korea001.jpg|thumbnail|[[Shinmin Prefecture]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:S-d-jpeg-12.jpeg|thumbnail|Collectivized textile factory in Barcelona, [[Revolutionary Spain|Spain]]. From Sam Dolgoff's ''The Anarchist Collectives''.]] | ||
[[ | [[Revolutionary Spain]], 1936-9, 3.2 million people | ||
[[ | [[Revolutionary Ukraine]], 1918-1921, 7 million people | ||
[[ | [[Shinmin Prefecture]], 1929-1931, 2 million people | ||
==Anti-Authoritarian== | |||
[[ | [[File:IMG_0497.JPG|thumbnail| [[Zapatista-run Chiapas]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Rojava_Sewing_Cooperative.jpg|thumbnail|[[Kurdistan democratic confederalists]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Abahlali baseMjondolo Logo.jpg|thumb|[[Abahlali baseMjondolo]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Baka dancers June 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Bayaka]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Great Andamanese - two men - 1875.jpg|thumbnail|[[Andamanese]]]] | ||
[[File:Keluarga suku Bateq 167.jpg|thumb|[[Batek]]]] | |||
[[ | [[File:MUFT - Catal Höyük Modell.jpg|thumb|[[Çatalhöyük]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Blood squaws in war dress (HS85-10-18744).jpg|thumbnail|[[Niitsitapi]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Mbuti woman with mushrooms1.jpg|thumbnail|[[Mbuti]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Flag_of_the_Iroquois_Confederacy.svg.png|thumbnail|[[Haudenosaunee]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Iroquoian Village, Ontario, Canada36.JPG|thumb|[[Wendat]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Çayonu.jpg|thumb|[[Cayonu]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Bolivia - Marcha Juventudes Antifacistas.jpg|thumb|[[El Alto neighborhood councils]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Talianki (Trypillian city).jpg|thumb|[[Cucuteni–Trypillia civilization]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Malaipantaram map.gif|thumb|[[Malaipantaram]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:North carolina algonkin-dorf.jpg|thumb|[[Croatan]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Hadza montage.png|thumb| [[Hadza]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Knossos - North Portico 02.jpg|thumb|[[Minoan Crete]]]] | ||
[[File:Mohenjo-daro.jpg|thumb|[[Indus Valley Civilization]]]] | |||
[[ | [[File:Cherán.jpeg|thumb|[[Cherán]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Seated figure grom Mali, 13th century, Djenné peoples, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1981.218.JPG|thumb|[[Jenne-jeno]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:BushmenSan.jpg|thumbnail|[[San]] peoples]] | ||
[[File:Sioux social structure council fires.jpg|thumb|[[Oceti Sakowin]] (Sioux)]] | |||
[[File:1280px-Oraibi1.jpg|thumbnail|[[Hopi]]]] | |||
[[File:Paliyan women.jpg|thumb|[[Paliyan]]]] | |||
[[File:PeiligangCulture-RedPotWithTwoEars-ShanghaiMuseum-May27-08.jpg|thumb|[[Peiligang culture]]]] | |||
[[ | [[File:Talempong - Sumatra Barat.jpg|thumb|[[Minangkabau]]]] | ||
[[File:Sarvodaya-296x300.png|thumb|[[Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement]]]] | |||
[[File:Taborites.png|thumbnail|[[Taborite communes]]]] | |||
[[File:Mosuo girls.jpg|thumb|[[Mosuo]]]] | |||
[[File:Anishinaabe-Anishinini Distribution Map.svg|thumb| [[Nishnaabeg]] ]] | |||
[[File:GENERAL-Massif 2May2010.jpg|thumb|[[Zomia]]]] | |||
[[File:Panama-Kuna 0605a.jpg|thumb|[[Kuna people]]]] | |||
[[File:Catholic Worker.jpg|thumb|[[Catholic Worker]]]] | |||
[[File:Myths and legends of Babylonia and Assyria (1916) (14801964123).jpg|thumb| | |||
[[Early Uruk]]]] | |||
[[File:Cherokee beadwork sampler 1840 ohs.jpg|thumb|[[Cherokee]]]] | |||
[[File:Black-sem-detail-1st-war.jpg|thumbnail|[[Seminole people]]]] | |||
[[File:Image taken from page 14 of 'Report of an expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers by Captain L. Sitgreaves (11042155095) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Zuni]]]] | |||
[[File:Semai man1.jpg|thumb|[[Semai people]]]] | |||
[[Abahlali baseMjondolo]], 115,000 members as of 2022 | |||
[[Andamanese]] | |||
[[ | [[Anuak]] | ||
[[Argentinian horizontalidad]] | |||
[[ | [[Batek]] | ||
[[Bayaka]] | |||
[[Çatalhöyük]] | |||
[[Catholic Worker]] | |||
[[Cherán]] | |||
[[Croatan]] | |||
[[El Alto neighborhood councils]], 2000s CE | |||
[[ | [[Cayonu]], 7200 to ca. 4200 BCE | ||
[[ | [[Cherokee]] | ||
[[ | [[Southeast Matriarchies|Chickasaw]] | ||
[[ | [[Southeast Matriarchies|Choctaw]] | ||
Crianza Mutua (Colombia) | |||
Crianza Mutua (Mexico) | |||
[[ | [[Cucuteni–Trypillia civilization]], 1 million people, 4800 to 3000 BCE | ||
[[ | [[Diné]] | ||
[[ | [[Early Uruk]], 4000-3200 BCE | ||
[[ | [[Early Neolithic Southern Levant]], 10,500 to 6000 BCE | ||
[[ | [[Global Ecovillage Network]] | ||
[[Hadza]] | |||
[[Haudenosaunee]] | |||
[[ | [[Hopi]] | ||
[[Indus Valley Civilization]] | |||
[[ | [[Inuit]] | ||
[[Itoiz villages]] | |||
[[Jenne-jeno]], 250 BCE-1400 CE, 11,000 people | |||
[[Konkomba]] | |||
[[ | [[Kuna people]] | ||
[[ | [[La Solana villages]] | ||
[[ | [[Late Taosi]] | ||
[[Longo Maï]] | |||
[[ | [[Malaipantaram]] | ||
[[Mapuche]], 1 million people in sixteenth century | |||
[[Mbuti]] | |||
[[Minangkabau]] | |||
[[Minoan Crete]], 3000 BCE-1100 BCE | |||
[[Southeast Matriarchies|Muscogee]] | |||
[[ | [[Oceti Sakowin]] (Sioux) | ||
[[ | [[Nayaka people]] | ||
[[ | [[Niitsitapi]] (Blackfoot) | ||
[[ | [[Nishnaabeg]] | ||
[[ | [[Piaroa]] | ||
[[ | [[Peiligang culture]], 7000-5000 BCE | ||
[[Kurdistan democratic confederalists|Rojava]], 2012-present, 2.5 million people | |||
[[San]] (including !Kung) | |||
[[ | [[Santals]] | ||
[[ | [[Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement]] | ||
[[Semai people]] | |||
[[Seminole people]] | |||
[[Taborite communes]], 15th century | |||
Vikalp Sangam (India) | |||
[[Wendat]] | |||
[[Zapatista-run Chiapas]], 1994-present, 120,000-300,000 people | |||
[[Zomia]], present, 100 million people | |||
[[Zuni]] | |||
==Autonomous== | |||
[[File:Teotihuacán-5973.JPG|thumb|[[Teotihuacan]]]] | |||
[[File:Mst conabNove2004.jpg|thumb|[[Landless Workers' Movement]]]] | |||
[[ | [[File:024.Jacob Wrestles with the Angel.jpg|thumb|[[Early Israelites]]]] | ||
[[File:280px-San Gimignano (1).jpg|thumbnail|[[Medieval commune]]]] | |||
[[File:Familienleben.jpg|thumb|[[Canela people]]]] | |||
[[Aboriginal Australians]] | |||
[[Canela people]] | |||
[[Early Christians]] | |||
[[Early Israelites]] | |||
[[Early Uruk]] | |||
[[Highland Madagascar]] | |||
[[Igbo]] | |||
[[Landless Workers' Movement]] | |||
[[Lugbara]] | |||
[[Mashkan-shapir]] | |||
[[Medieval commune]] | |||
[[Palmares]] | |||
[[ | [[Parisian sections]] | ||
[[ | [[Pequot]] | ||
[[ | [[Sea Peoples]] | ||
[[ | [[Syrian Revolution|Revolutionary Syria]] | ||
[[ | [[Sami]] | ||
[[ | [[Teotihuacan]] | ||
[[File:QumranLivingQuarters.jpg|thumbnail|[[Essenes]]]] | |||
[[Castile confederation]] | |||
[[Essenes]], 4,000 people | |||
[[Paris Commune]], 1871, 2 million people | |||
[[Black Reconstruction|South Carolina Commune]] | |||
[[Maluku archipelago]] | |||
[[Quinnipiac]] | |||
[[Swiss confederal leagues]] | |||
[[Therapeutae]] | |||
[[Tiv]] | |||
[[Tlaxcala (Postclassic)]] | |||
[[Venezuelan communes]] | |||
==Limited== | |||
[[File:Pnyx-berg2.png|thumbnail|Pnyx Hill, the meeting place of the ecclesia in the [[Athenian polis]].]] | |||
[[Athenian polis]], 594-431, 404-403 BCE, 40,000 male citizens | |||
[[Kibbutzim]], 1919-present, 120,000 members in 2011 | |||
[[New England town meetings]] | |||
[[Tribal Arabia]] | |||
[[Tonga people]] | |||
==Unsorted== | |||
[[South American Indians]] | |||
Land Dayaks | |||
[[La Paz Zapotec]], nearly 2,000 people | |||
Maori | |||
New Guinea indigenous peoples | |||
Northwest coast indigenous peoples | |||
[[Nubian people]] | |||
Nuer | |||
Imazighen | |||
Ifugao | |||
Dinka people | |||
=Communities= | |||
''"The primary aspiration of all history is a genuine community of human beings -- genuine because it is'' community all through''."'' - Martin Buber<ref>''Paths in Utopia'' (Boston: Beacon Press, 1958), ch. 10.</ref> | |||
''"Strong communities make police obsolete."'' -police-abolitionist slogan | |||
==Anarchist== | |||
[[Guangzhou commune]], 1921-1923 | |||
==Anti-Autoritarian== | |||
[[File:Entrée de Christiania.jpg|thumbnail|Entrance to [[Christiania]]]] | |||
[[File:Faslane.jpg|thumbnail|Police dismantling a blockade of protesters at [[Faslane Peace Camp]].]] | |||
[[File:Levellers declaration and standard.gif|thumbnail| Woodcut from a [[Diggers]] document by William Everard]] | |||
[[Christiania]], 1971-present, 900 people | |||
[[Faslane Peace Camp]], 1982-present | |||
[[Free Republic of Wendland]], 1980, 5,000 people | |||
[[Diggers|George's Hill (Diggers)]], 1649, 40 people | |||
[[Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp]], 1981-200 | |||
[[Life and Labor Commune]], 1921-1930, nearly 1,000 people | |||
[[Village Alternatif, Anticapitalist et AntiGuerres]], 2003, thousands of people | |||
==Autonomous== | |||
Kuzbass Autonomous Industrial Commune, 1922-1926 | |||
[[Pocasset]], 200 families | |||
[[Huehuecoyotl]] | |||
==Unsorted== | |||
Taita Hills | |||
Ghana shantytown | |||
Minnehaha Free State | |||
Mexican ''colonial proletarias'' | |||
Peruvian 'barriadas'' | |||
Tunisian ''gourbivilles'' | |||
Indian ''bus tees'' | |||
Turkish ''gecekondu'' | |||
Venezuelan ''ranchos'' | |||
[[King Hill hostel squat]] | |||
=Movements and Uprisings= | |||
''"If we had surrendered, if we had sold ourselves, we would no longer have been poor, but others would have continued to be so."'' -Subcomandante Marcos<ref>Subcomandante Marcos, "Why We Chose the Weapon of Resistance" in ''Our Word is Our Weapon'' (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2001), 160.</ref> | |||
''"People have done horizontal, or non-hierarchical, organization all their lives. It is already there in my culture and the way Palestinian activism has worked."'' -Beesan Ramadan<ref>Joshua Stephens, “Palestinian Anarchists in Conversation: Recalibrating anarchism in a colonized country,” ''Institute for Anarchist Studies'', 19 July 2013, https://anarchiststudies.org/palestinian-anarchists/.</ref> | |||
''"We take inspiration from the Luddites, Levellers, Diggers, the Autonome squatter movement, ALF, the Zapatistas, and the little people -- those mischievous elves of lore."'' -[[Earth Liberation Front]]<ref>https://www.iiipublishing.com/politics/elf.htm.</ref> | |||
==Anarchist== | |||
[[File:ChicagoAnarchists.jpg|thumbnail|Chicago anarchists advanced the cause of the 8-hour day and started May Day. See [[The Haymarket Martyrs]].]] | |||
[[File:Seattle black bloc.png|thumbnail|[[1999 Seattle WTO shutdown]]]] | |||
Mexican | [[File:Magon.png|thumbnail|[[Anarchy in the Mexican Revolution]]]] | ||
[[File:Logo de la FAI.svg|thumb|[[Informal Anarchist Federation]]]] | |||
[[File:Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei, Logo.jpg|thumb|[[Conspiracy of Cells of Fire]]]] | |||
[[The Haymarket Martyrs]] | |||
[[Conspiracy of Cells of Fire]] | |||
[[Informal Anarchist Federation]] | |||
[[Anarchists in the Russian Revolution]] | |||
[[Anarchists in the Italian Factory Occupations]] | |||
[[Revolutionary Spain|Anarchism and the Spanish Revolution]] | |||
[[Anarchy in the Mexican Revolution|Anarchism in the Mexican Revolution]] | |||
[[Shinmin_Prefecture|Manchurian Revolution]] | |||
[[1999 Seattle WTO shutdown]] | |||
Modern schools | |||
[[2008 Greek insurrection]] | |||
[[US Galleanists]] | |||
[[1911 Lima-Callao general strike]] | |||
[[1919 Peruvian general strike]] | |||
==Anti-Authoritarian== | |||
[[File:Interfauna-raid-1990.jpg|thumb|[[Animal Liberation Front]]]] | |||
[[File:Metropolitan Indians.jpg|thumbnail|[[Italian Autonomia]]]] | |||
[[File:Warner-creek-EF-96.jpg|thumbnail|[[Cascadia Free State]]]] | |||
[[File:Jean Froissart, Chroniques, 154v, 12148 btv1b8438605hf336, crop.jpg|thumb|[[English Peasants' Revolt of 1381]]]] | |||
[[File:Battle for Palm Tree Hill.jpg|thumbnail|[[Anarchy in the Haitian Revolution]]]] | |||
[[File:Alcatraz Island 01 Prison sign.jpg|thumbnail|[[Alcatraz occupation]]]] | |||
[[File:SOAS BDS demonstration 27 April 2017 12.jpg|thumbnail|[[BDS Movement]]]] | |||
[[ | [[File:ANG40InfantryDivisionLosAngelesRiot1992.jpg|thumbnail|National Guard deployed during the [[Los Angeles Rebellion of 1992]]]] | ||
[[File:Flag of Koma Komalên Kurdistan.svg|thumbnail|Flag of the [[Kurdistan democratic confederalists|Group of Communities in Kurdistan]]]] | |||
[[File:"Happi" American Horse direct action against DAPL, August 2016 (cropped).png|thumb|[[Standing Rock Uprising]]]] | |||
[[File:Slavic Bogomil Cemetery in Chalkidona, Thessaloniki.jpg|thumb|[[Bogomils]]]] | |||
[[File:TaroAKL.jpg|thumbnail|[[Community taro patches]] run by indigenous and non-indigenous farmers across Hawaii]] | |||
[[File:John Brown by Levin Handy, 1890-1910.jpg|thumbnail|[[John Brown's raids]]]] | |||
[[File:VD VD200710070509005AR.jpg|thumb|[[Earth Liberation Front]]]] | |||
[[File:Occupy Wall Street Crowd Size 2011 Shankbone.JPG|thumbnail|[[Occupy movement]]]] | |||
[[File:Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (logo).png|thumbnail|[[Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty]]]] | |||
[[File:Routes des châteaux cathares.svg|thumb|[[Cathars]]]] | |||
[[File:Earthfirstmonkeywrench.png|thumbnail|[[Earth First!]]]] | |||
[[File:Margarete Porete, fol. 38.jpg|thumbnail|[[Movement of the Free Spirit]]]] | |||
[[File:Unist'ot'en camp.jpg|thumbnail|[[Unist'ot'en Camp]]]] | |||
[[File:Wattsriots-burningbuildings-loc.jpg|thumbnail|[[Watts Rebellion]] of 1965]] | |||
[[File:Waldenser-Wappen.png|thumb|[[Waldensians]]]] | |||
[[US anti-nuclear movement|Abalone Alliance]] | |||
[[Alcatraz occupation]] | |||
[[Taborite communes|Adamites]] | |||
[[Alter-globalization movement]] | |||
[[Anarchy in the German Revolution]] | |||
[[Anarchy in the Russian Revolution]] | |||
[[Anarchy in the Haitian Revolution]] | |||
[[Animal Liberation Front]] | |||
[[Anti-Shell actions]] | |||
[[Bogomils]] | |||
[[BDS Movement]] | |||
[[Cascadia Free State]], 1995-6 | |||
[[Cathars]], 11th to 14th centuries | |||
[[Catholic Worker movement]] | |||
[[Community taro patches]] | |||
[[US anti-nuclear movement|Clamshell Alliance]] | |||
[[Earth First!]] | |||
[[Earth Liberation Front]] | |||
[[English food riots in eighteenth century]] | |||
[[English Peasants' Revolt of 1381]] | |||
[[German Anti-Fascism]] | |||
[[Italian Anti-Fascism]] | |||
[[Italian Autonomia]] | |||
[[John Brown's raids]] | |||
[[Kurdish democratic confederalists]] | |||
[[Kronstadt rebellion]] | |||
[[Los Angeles Rebellion of 1992]] | |||
[[Mapuche|Mapuche Struggle]] | |||
[[Movement of the Free Spirit]] | |||
[[Oaxaca rebellion]] | |||
[[Occupy movement]] | |||
[[Oka Crisis]] | |||
[[Unist'ot'en Camp]] | |||
[[US anti-nuclear movement]] | |||
[[US Green movement]] | |||
[[School of the Tillers]] | |||
[[Sexual revolution]] | |||
[[Standing Rock Uprising]] | |||
[[Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty]] | |||
[[Texas KXL blockade]] | |||
[[The May-June Revolt in France, 1968]] | |||
[[Waldensians]] | |||
[[Watts Rebellion]] | |||
[[Yellow Turban Rebellion]] | |||
[[Zone to Defend (ZAD)]], 2012-present | |||
==Autonomous== | |||
[[File:La Vía Campesina logo.png|thumb|[[La Via Campesina]]]] | |||
[[File:Flag of Edward England.svg|thumbnail|[[Pirate anarchy]]]] | |||
[[File:Nat Turner woodcut.jpg|thumbnail|[[Nat Turner's rebellion]]]] | |||
[[File:Luddite.jpg|thumbnail|[[Luddites]]]] | |||
[[File:Mi'kmaq blockade.png|thumbnail|[[2013 Mi'kmaq anti-fracking struggle]]]] | |||
[[File:Seattle General Strike.jpg|thumbnail|[[1919 Seattle general strike]]]] | |||
[[File:First int.jpg|thumbnail|Woman confronts soldiers during the [[First Intifada]].]] | |||
[[File:Red cloud and other souix.jpg|thumbnail|[[Red Cloud's War]]]] | |||
[[File:Boston Tea Party Currier colored.jpg|thumbnail|[[American Revolution and Anarchy]]]] | |||
[[File:1917petrogradsoviet assembly.jpg|thumbnail|[[Russian Revolution and Anarchy]]]] | |||
[[File:Anarchist cuba.png|thumbnail|[[Cuban Revolution and Anarchism]]]] | |||
[[File:Magon.png|thumbnail|[[Mexican Revolution and Anarchy]]]] | |||
[[File:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumbnail|[[French Revolution and Anarchy]]]] | |||
[[File:Stroop Report - Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 13.jpg|thumbnail|[[Jewish armed anti-Nazi resistance]]]] | |||
[[1848 revolutions]] | |||
[[1968 revolutions]] | |||
[[1919 Seattle general strike]] | |||
[[2007 Lakota declaration of independence]] | |||
[[2013 Mi'kmaq anti-fracking struggle]] | |||
[[American Revolution and Anarchy]] | |||
[[Anabaptists]] | |||
[[Barcelona en Comú]] | |||
[[Black Reconstruction]] | |||
[[Bolivia Water War]] | |||
[[Cuban Revolution and Anarchism]] | |||
[[First Intifada]] | |||
[[French Revolution and Anarchy]] | |||
[[German Peasants' War]] | |||
[[Jewish armed anti-Nazi resistance]] | |||
[[La Via Campesina]] | |||
[[Luddites]] | |||
[[Mexican Revolution and Anarchy]] | |||
[[Nat Turner's rebellion]] | |||
[[Pirate anarchy]] | |||
[[Pueblo Revolt]] | |||
[[Red Cloud's War]] | |||
[[Seminole people|Seminole Wars]] | |||
[[Syrian Revolution]] | |||
==Limited== | |||
[[Karaite Judaism]] | |||
[[Kharijites]] | |||
[[Mu'tazilites]] | |||
==Unsorted== | ==Unsorted== | ||
[[ | [[Massalians]] | ||
[[ | [[Prague Spring]] | ||
[[ | [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]] | ||
1903 Macedonian revolt | |||
1905–1907 Russian Revolt | |||
1910 Mexican revolution | |||
1960 student revolts | 1960 student revolts | ||
[[ | [[Imazighen]] | ||
Parisian urban gardeners | |||
Cantonalist Revolt of 1873-1874 | |||
=[[Organizations|Organizations]]= | |||
''"[[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee|SNCC]] without knowing about anarchism as philosophy embodied the characteristics of anarchism."'' -Howard Zinn<ref>Howard Zinn, "Anarchism Shouldn't Be a Dirty Word," ''AlterNet'', 16 May, 2008, http://www.alternet.org/story/85427/howard_zinn%3A_anarchism_shouldn't_be_a_dirty_word.</ref> | |||
''"The real question at issue is not organization versus non-organization, but rather, what kind of organization. What different kinds of anarchist organizations have in common is that they are developed organically from below, not engineered into existence from above."'' -Murray Bookchin<ref>Murray Bookchin, "Anarchy and Organization", ''Libcom.org'', http://libcom.org/library/anarchy-organization-murray-bookchin.</ref> | |||
==[[Organizations#Active|Active Anarchist/Anti-Authoritarian]]== | |||
==[[Organizations#Historical|Historical Anarchist/Anti-Authoritarian]]== | |||
==[[Organizations#Autonomous|Autonomous]]== | |||
==[[Organizations#Unsorted|Unsorted]]== | |||
=Everyday Anarchy= | |||
''''I think we have to talk about educating the people for critical consciousness about what anarchy is. I would also say that, in practice, many more Americans are anarchists than would ever use that term."'' -bell hooks.<ref>bell hooks, "How Do You Practice Intersectionalism?", ''The Anarchist Library'', https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/randy-lowens-how-do-you-practice-intersectionalism.</ref> | |||
''"If there’s a line to get on a crowded bus, do you wait your turn and refrain from elbowing your way past others even in the absence of police? If you answered 'yes', then you are used to acting like an anarchist!"'' -David Graeber<ref>David Graeber, "Are You an Anarchist? The Answer May Surprise You!", ''The Anarchist Library'', http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-graeber-are-you-an-anarchist-the-answer-may-surprise-you.</ref> | |||
[[ | ''"How would you feel if you discovered that the society in which you would really like to live was already here, apart from a few little local difficulties like exploitation, war, dictatorship and starvation?"'' -Colin Ward<ref>Colin Ward, [[Anarchy Works]].</ref> | ||
[[File:McCallsJimmyBarry640.jpg|thumbnail|[[The Yard]], an "adventure playground" in Minneapolis. http://www.minnpost.com/arts-culture/2014/07/when-yard-was-minnesota-s-most-radical-park]] | |||
[[File:250px-Woodstock poster.jpg|thumbnail|[[Woodstock Festival]] poster. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock_festival]] | |||
==Anarchist== | ==Anarchist== | ||
==Anti-Authoritarian== | |||
[[Really Really Free Market]] | |||
[[Mumbai community dog care]] | |||
==Participatory== | ==Participatory== | ||
==Autonomous== | ==Autonomous== | ||
[[Stonehenge Free Festival]], 1972-1985 (one month a year), 30,000 people | |||
[[Woodstock Festival]], 1969, 40,000 people | |||
[[Woodstock Festival]] | |||
[[Pioneer Health Centre]] | [[Pioneer Health Centre]] | ||
Line 870: | Line 761: | ||
[[Vienna Psychoanalytic Society's child guidance service]] | [[Vienna Psychoanalytic Society's child guidance service]] | ||
[[Horizontal organization in British architecture]] | [[Horizontal organization in British architecture]] | ||
[[Global postal service]] | [[Global postal service]] | ||
[[International railways]] | [[International railways]] | ||
[[Swiss city planning]] | [[Swiss city planning]] | ||
[[ | [[Emdrup playground]] | ||
[[ | [[The Yard]] | ||
==Unsorted== | |||
Mexican ''colonial proletarias'' | Mexican ''colonial proletarias'' | ||
Line 916: | Line 787: | ||
Venezuelan ''ranchos'' | Venezuelan ''ranchos'' | ||
Prestolee School | Prestolee School | ||
Line 928: | Line 795: | ||
1960 student revolts | 1960 student revolts | ||
Freetown playground | Freetown playground | ||
Skrammellegeplad playgrounds | Skrammellegeplad playgrounds | ||
Line 954: | Line 817: | ||
Eyes on the street | Eyes on the street | ||
[[Open source]] | [[Open source]] | ||
Line 1,040: | Line 822: | ||
[[Wikipedia]] | [[Wikipedia]] | ||
=Nonhuman Anarchy= | |||
''"Everything is connected, absolutely everything. There are many aboriginal groups that will tell you stories about how all the species in the forests are connected, and many will talk about below-ground networks."'' -Sm’hayetsk Teresa Ryan<ref>Ferris Jabr, "The Social Life of Forests", ''New York Times'', 2 December, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/12/02/magazine/tree-communication-mycorrhiza.html.</ref> | |||
''"The basic premise in the ontology of wildness translates into anarchy, where the'' raison d'etre ''of everything and everyone - living or non-living, human or nonhuman, child or adult, male, female, intersexual, bisexual, or asexual, whatever the species, ethnicity, or race (all of which are important classifications for civilization only) is simply to be and to enjoy being. In wilderness, the world exists for its own reasons, its space and time uncontrolled, solely its own, regardless of whether it was created by an external divine will or generated through its own exploded forces."'' - Layla AbdelRahim<ref>Layla AbdelRahim, ''Children's Literature, Domestication, and Social Foundation'' (New York: Routledge, 2015), 3-4.</ref> | |||
''"As I watch the Robins and Cedar Waxwings fill their bellies, I see a gift economy in which abundance is stored “in the belly of my brother.” Supporting a thriving bird community is essential to the well-being of the Serviceberry and everyone else up the food chain. That seems especially important to an immobile, long-lived being like a tree, who can’t run away from ruptured relationships. Thriving is possible only if you have nurtured strong bonds with your community."''-Robin Wall Kimmerer<ref>Robin Wall Kimmerer, "The Serviceberry: An Economy of Abundance," ''Emergence Magazine'', 2020, https://emergencemagazine.org/story/the-serviceberry/.</ref> | |||
''" From autocatalytic chemical processes to cells, from living bodies to galaxies, we find a universe filled with structures exhibiting self-organizing dynamics... [A]n atom is a self-organizing system as well. Each atom is a storm of ordered activity. This invisible power assembling the energy into a particular constellation is the atom's identity. A galaxy, too, is an autopoietic system, organizing its stars into a nonequilibrium process and drawing forth new stars from its interstellar materials."'' -Brian Swimme and Thomas Berry <ref>Brian Swimme and Thomas Berry, ''The Universe Story: From the Primordial Flaring Forth to the Ecozoic Era - A Celebration of the Unfolding of the Cosmos'' (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992), 75.</ref> | |||
''"The forest has always been my teacher in peace, in diversity in democracy. Diverse life forms, small and large, moving and immobile, above ground and below, with wings, feet or leaves, find their place in the forest. The forest teaches us that in diversity lie the conditions of peace, the realization of democracy."'' -Vandana Shiva<ref>Vandana Shiva, "Foreword" in Derrick Jensen and George Draffan, ''Strangely Like War: The Global Assault on Forests'' (White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing Company, 2003), vii.</ref> | |||
''"If we recognize that every ecosystem can also be viewed as a food web, we can think of it as a circular, interlacing nexus of plant-animal relationships (rather than a stratified pyramid)...Each species, be it a form of bacteria or deer, is knitted together in a network of interdependence. A predator in the web is also prey, even if the 'lowliest' of organisms merely makes it ill or helps to consume it after death."'' -Murray Bookchin<ref>Murray Bookchin, ''The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy'' (Palo Alto: Cheshire Books, 1982), 26.</ref> | |||
==Animal Societies== | |||
[[File:Melanerpes formicivorus -San Luis Obispo, California, USA -male-8.jpg|thumbnail|[[Acorn woodpecker]]]] | |||
[[File:Squirrel monkey1-cropped.jpg|thumbnail|[[Central American squirrel monkey]]]] | |||
[[ | [[File:Tursiops truncatus 01.jpg|thumbnail|[[Dolphins]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Crotophaga sulcirostris.jpg|thumbnail|[[Groove-billed ani]]]] | ||
[[File:Okonjima Lioness.jpg|thumb|[[Lion]]]] | |||
[[File:Wolf, voor de natuur, Saxifraga - Jan Nijendijk.5097.jpg|thumbnail|[[Gray wolf]]]] | |||
[[Acorn woodpecker]] | |||
[[Bison]] | |||
[[Bonobo]] | |||
[[ | [[Central American squirrel monkey]] | ||
[[ | [[Dolphins]] | ||
[[Domestic cat]] | |||
[[Elephant]] | |||
[[Gorillas dismantling traps]] | |||
[[ | |||
[[Gray wolf]] | [[Gray wolf]] | ||
[[ | [[Groove-billed ani]] | ||
[[Lion]] | |||
[[ | [[Manatee]] | ||
[[Seahorse]] | |||
==Earth and Ecology== | |||
[[File:Craggy Gardens-27527.jpg|thumbnail|[[Appalachian forests]]]] | |||
[[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|thumbnail|[[Earth system]]]] | |||
[[File:Elysia-chlorotica-body.jpg|thumbnail|[[Evolution of sea slugs]]]] | |||
[[File:Symsagittifera roscoffensis(Jersey).jpg|thumbnail|[[Evolution of translucent worms]]]] | |||
[[File:Mycorrhizal network.svg|thumb|[[Mycorrhizal network]]]] | |||
[[File:Utricularia aurea 8 Darwiniana.jpg|thumb|[[Utricularia-algae-zooplankton feedback]]]] | |||
[[ | [[Appalachian forests]] | ||
[[Bacteria]] | |||
[[Earth system]] | |||
[[Evolution of eukaryotes]] | |||
[[Evolution of green hydra]] | |||
[[Evolution of horse]] | |||
[[Evolution of sea slugs]] | |||
[[Evolution of translucent worms]] | |||
[[Human body and anarchy]] | |||
[[Mimosa-beetle symbiosis]] | |||
[[Mycorrhizal network]] | |||
[[Utricularia-algae-zooplankton feedback]] | |||
==Cosmos, Physics, and Chemistry== | |||
[[File:RBCells.jpg|thumbnail|[[Bénard_convection]]]] | |||
[[File:Bzr fotos.jpg|thumbnail|[[Chemical clock]]]] | |||
[[ | [[Chemical clock]] | ||
[[ | [[Bénard convection]] | ||
[[ | [[Laser]] | ||
[[ | [[Physics and anarchy]] | ||
[[ | [[Solar system's planets]] | ||
[[ | [[Universe]] | ||
=Fictional Anarchy= | |||
''"We live in capitalism, its power seems inescapable – but then, so did the divine right of kings. Any human power can be resisted and changed by human beings."'' -Ursula K. LeGuin<ref>"Ursula K Le Guin's speech at National Book Awards", ''The Guardian'', 20 November 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/nov/20/ursula-k-le-guin-national-book-awards-speech.</ref> | |||
==Anarchist== | |||
[[File:Anarres.jpeg|thumbnail|[[Anarres]]]] | |||
[[Anarres]] (''The Dispossessed'') | |||
Mars (''Mars'' trilogy) | |||
[[San Francisco (The Fifth Sacred Thing)]] | |||
==Anti-Authoritarian== | |||
[[File:Earthseed.jpg|thumb|[[Earthseed]]]] | |||
[[File:Pieter Bruegel d. Ä. 037.jpg|thumbnail| [[Cokaygne]] ]] | |||
[[ | [[File:Fraggle Rock.png|thumb|[[Fraggle Rock]]]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Hobbiton, New Zealand.jpg|thumb|[[The Shire]]]] | ||
[[Abbey of Thélème]] | |||
[[ | [[Cokaygne]] | ||
[[ | [[Earthseed]] | ||
[[ | [[Fraggle Rock]] | ||
[[ | [[Haudenosaunee#.22Warp_and_Weft.2C.22_from_The_Years_of_Rice_and_Salt_by_Kim_Stanley_Robinson|Haudenosaunee]] (''The Years of Rice and Salt'' by Kim Stanley Robinson) | ||
[[ | [[Kesh]] (''Always Coming Home'') | ||
Nowhere (''News from Nowhere'') | |||
[[The Shire]] (''The Lord of the Rings'') | |||
==Autonomous== | |||
[[ | [[Igbo|Umuofia (''Things Fall Apart'')]] | ||
<references/> | <references/> |
Latest revision as of 14:32, 21 September 2024
Welcome to AnarchyinAction.org!
AnarchyinAction.org provides research on anarchy. Coming from Greek words an (without) and archos (ruler), anarchy refers to situations without coercive hierarchy. Looking at and beyond self-proclaimed anarchist movements, we respond to Maia Ramnath's call to "locate the Western anarchist tradition as one contextually specific manifestation among a larger-indeed global-tradition of antiauthoritarian, egalitarian thought/praxis".[1] We take our name from Colin Ward's 1973 book Anarchy in Action.
This wiki is written by volunteers, and we encourage you to check our work and help us to improve it. Contact us with corrections or for assistance setting up an account. If you're a member of an organization or struggle described on this website, send us information on current campaigns.
Societies
"Once we leave Europe, in fact, we discover that statelessness and the desire for self-government are not eternally receding utopias, but are principles that for millennia have structured communities in every part of the world." -Silvia Federici[2]
"[T]here are also concepts such as anti-authoritarian or egalitarian forms of organizing. Although this differs in degrees from one Indigenous nation to another, it is, overall, a fairly strong part of our traditional culture (with some exceptions)." -Gord Hill[3]
"Egalitarian cities, even regional confederacies, are historically quite commonplace."-David Graeber and David Wengrow[4]
Anarchist
Revolutionary Spain, 1936-9, 3.2 million people
Revolutionary Ukraine, 1918-1921, 7 million people
Shinmin Prefecture, 1929-1931, 2 million people
Anti-Authoritarian
Abahlali baseMjondolo, 115,000 members as of 2022
El Alto neighborhood councils, 2000s CE
Cayonu, 7200 to ca. 4200 BCE
Crianza Mutua (Colombia)
Crianza Mutua (Mexico)
Cucuteni–Trypillia civilization, 1 million people, 4800 to 3000 BCE
Early Uruk, 4000-3200 BCE
Early Neolithic Southern Levant, 10,500 to 6000 BCE
Jenne-jeno, 250 BCE-1400 CE, 11,000 people
Mapuche, 1 million people in sixteenth century
Minoan Crete, 3000 BCE-1100 BCE
Oceti Sakowin (Sioux)
Niitsitapi (Blackfoot)
Peiligang culture, 7000-5000 BCE
Rojava, 2012-present, 2.5 million people
San (including !Kung)
Taborite communes, 15th century
Vikalp Sangam (India)
Zapatista-run Chiapas, 1994-present, 120,000-300,000 people
Zomia, present, 100 million people
Autonomous
Essenes, 4,000 people
Paris Commune, 1871, 2 million people
Limited
Athenian polis, 594-431, 404-403 BCE, 40,000 male citizens
Kibbutzim, 1919-present, 120,000 members in 2011
Unsorted
Land Dayaks
La Paz Zapotec, nearly 2,000 people
Maori
New Guinea indigenous peoples
Northwest coast indigenous peoples
Nuer
Imazighen
Ifugao
Dinka people
Communities
"The primary aspiration of all history is a genuine community of human beings -- genuine because it is community all through." - Martin Buber[5]
"Strong communities make police obsolete." -police-abolitionist slogan
Anarchist
Guangzhou commune, 1921-1923
Anti-Autoritarian
Christiania, 1971-present, 900 people
Faslane Peace Camp, 1982-present
Free Republic of Wendland, 1980, 5,000 people
George's Hill (Diggers), 1649, 40 people
Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp, 1981-200
Life and Labor Commune, 1921-1930, nearly 1,000 people
Village Alternatif, Anticapitalist et AntiGuerres, 2003, thousands of people
Autonomous
Kuzbass Autonomous Industrial Commune, 1922-1926
Pocasset, 200 families
Unsorted
Taita Hills
Ghana shantytown
Minnehaha Free State
Mexican colonial proletarias
Peruvian 'barriadas
Tunisian gourbivilles
Indian bus tees
Turkish gecekondu
Venezuelan ranchos
Movements and Uprisings
"If we had surrendered, if we had sold ourselves, we would no longer have been poor, but others would have continued to be so." -Subcomandante Marcos[6]
"People have done horizontal, or non-hierarchical, organization all their lives. It is already there in my culture and the way Palestinian activism has worked." -Beesan Ramadan[7]
"We take inspiration from the Luddites, Levellers, Diggers, the Autonome squatter movement, ALF, the Zapatistas, and the little people -- those mischievous elves of lore." -Earth Liberation Front[8]
Anarchist
Anarchists in the Russian Revolution
Anarchists in the Italian Factory Occupations
Anarchism and the Spanish Revolution
Anarchism in the Mexican Revolution
Modern schools
1911 Lima-Callao general strike
Anti-Authoritarian
Anarchy in the German Revolution
Anarchy in the Russian Revolution
Anarchy in the Haitian Revolution
Cascadia Free State, 1995-6
Cathars, 11th to 14th centuries
English food riots in eighteenth century
English Peasants' Revolt of 1381
Kurdish democratic confederalists
Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty
The May-June Revolt in France, 1968
Zone to Defend (ZAD), 2012-present
Autonomous
2007 Lakota declaration of independence
2013 Mi'kmaq anti-fracking struggle
American Revolution and Anarchy
Cuban Revolution and Anarchism
Jewish armed anti-Nazi resistance
Mexican Revolution and Anarchy
Limited
Unsorted
1903 Macedonian revolt
1905–1907 Russian Revolt
1910 Mexican revolution
1960 student revolts
Parisian urban gardeners
Cantonalist Revolt of 1873-1874
Organizations
"SNCC without knowing about anarchism as philosophy embodied the characteristics of anarchism." -Howard Zinn[9]
"The real question at issue is not organization versus non-organization, but rather, what kind of organization. What different kinds of anarchist organizations have in common is that they are developed organically from below, not engineered into existence from above." -Murray Bookchin[10]
Active Anarchist/Anti-Authoritarian
Historical Anarchist/Anti-Authoritarian
Autonomous
Unsorted
Everyday Anarchy
''I think we have to talk about educating the people for critical consciousness about what anarchy is. I would also say that, in practice, many more Americans are anarchists than would ever use that term." -bell hooks.[11]
"If there’s a line to get on a crowded bus, do you wait your turn and refrain from elbowing your way past others even in the absence of police? If you answered 'yes', then you are used to acting like an anarchist!" -David Graeber[12]
"How would you feel if you discovered that the society in which you would really like to live was already here, apart from a few little local difficulties like exploitation, war, dictatorship and starvation?" -Colin Ward[13]
Anarchist
Anti-Authoritarian
Participatory
Autonomous
Stonehenge Free Festival, 1972-1985 (one month a year), 30,000 people
Woodstock Festival, 1969, 40,000 people
Vienna Psychoanalytic Society's child guidance service
Horizontal organization in British architecture
Unsorted
Mexican colonial proletarias
Peruvian 'barriadas
Tunisian gourbivilles
Indian bus tees
Turkish gecekondu
Venezuelan ranchos
Prestolee School
Institueion Libre de Enseiianza
Residential College for Students
1960 student revolts
Freetown playground
Skrammellegeplad playgrounds
Robinson Crusoe playgrounds
Brixham fishing cooperative
Brora mining cooperative
Standard tractor factory
Durham worker-managed mines
Gheel mental health care
Synanon
Claimant's Union
Eyes on the street
Nonhuman Anarchy
"Everything is connected, absolutely everything. There are many aboriginal groups that will tell you stories about how all the species in the forests are connected, and many will talk about below-ground networks." -Sm’hayetsk Teresa Ryan[14]
"The basic premise in the ontology of wildness translates into anarchy, where the raison d'etre of everything and everyone - living or non-living, human or nonhuman, child or adult, male, female, intersexual, bisexual, or asexual, whatever the species, ethnicity, or race (all of which are important classifications for civilization only) is simply to be and to enjoy being. In wilderness, the world exists for its own reasons, its space and time uncontrolled, solely its own, regardless of whether it was created by an external divine will or generated through its own exploded forces." - Layla AbdelRahim[15]
"As I watch the Robins and Cedar Waxwings fill their bellies, I see a gift economy in which abundance is stored “in the belly of my brother.” Supporting a thriving bird community is essential to the well-being of the Serviceberry and everyone else up the food chain. That seems especially important to an immobile, long-lived being like a tree, who can’t run away from ruptured relationships. Thriving is possible only if you have nurtured strong bonds with your community."-Robin Wall Kimmerer[16]
" From autocatalytic chemical processes to cells, from living bodies to galaxies, we find a universe filled with structures exhibiting self-organizing dynamics... [A]n atom is a self-organizing system as well. Each atom is a storm of ordered activity. This invisible power assembling the energy into a particular constellation is the atom's identity. A galaxy, too, is an autopoietic system, organizing its stars into a nonequilibrium process and drawing forth new stars from its interstellar materials." -Brian Swimme and Thomas Berry [17]
"The forest has always been my teacher in peace, in diversity in democracy. Diverse life forms, small and large, moving and immobile, above ground and below, with wings, feet or leaves, find their place in the forest. The forest teaches us that in diversity lie the conditions of peace, the realization of democracy." -Vandana Shiva[18]
"If we recognize that every ecosystem can also be viewed as a food web, we can think of it as a circular, interlacing nexus of plant-animal relationships (rather than a stratified pyramid)...Each species, be it a form of bacteria or deer, is knitted together in a network of interdependence. A predator in the web is also prey, even if the 'lowliest' of organisms merely makes it ill or helps to consume it after death." -Murray Bookchin[19]
Animal Societies
Central American squirrel monkey
Earth and Ecology
Evolution of translucent worms
Utricularia-algae-zooplankton feedback
Cosmos, Physics, and Chemistry
Fictional Anarchy
"We live in capitalism, its power seems inescapable – but then, so did the divine right of kings. Any human power can be resisted and changed by human beings." -Ursula K. LeGuin[20]
Anarchist
Anarres (The Dispossessed)
Mars (Mars trilogy)
San Francisco (The Fifth Sacred Thing)
Anti-Authoritarian
Haudenosaunee (The Years of Rice and Salt by Kim Stanley Robinson)
Kesh (Always Coming Home)
Nowhere (News from Nowhere)
The Shire (The Lord of the Rings)
Autonomous
- ↑ Maia Ramnath, Decolonizing Anarchism: An Antiauthoritarian History of India's Liberation Struggle (AK Press, 2011), 6.
- ↑ Silvia Federici, "Global Anarchism: Provocations" in No Gods, No Masters, No Peripheries: Global Anarchisms, ed. Barry Maxwell and Raymond Crib, (Oakland: PM Press, 2015), 350-351.
- ↑ "Gord Hill, Indigenous Artist and Anarchist," Crimethinc, 1 August 2017, https://crimethinc.com/2017/08/01/an-interview-with-gord-hill.
- ↑ David Graeber and David Wengrow, "How to change the course of human history, Eurozine, 2 March 2018, https://www.eurozine.com/change-course-human-history/.
- ↑ Paths in Utopia (Boston: Beacon Press, 1958), ch. 10.
- ↑ Subcomandante Marcos, "Why We Chose the Weapon of Resistance" in Our Word is Our Weapon (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2001), 160.
- ↑ Joshua Stephens, “Palestinian Anarchists in Conversation: Recalibrating anarchism in a colonized country,” Institute for Anarchist Studies, 19 July 2013, https://anarchiststudies.org/palestinian-anarchists/.
- ↑ https://www.iiipublishing.com/politics/elf.htm.
- ↑ Howard Zinn, "Anarchism Shouldn't Be a Dirty Word," AlterNet, 16 May, 2008, http://www.alternet.org/story/85427/howard_zinn%3A_anarchism_shouldn't_be_a_dirty_word.
- ↑ Murray Bookchin, "Anarchy and Organization", Libcom.org, http://libcom.org/library/anarchy-organization-murray-bookchin.
- ↑ bell hooks, "How Do You Practice Intersectionalism?", The Anarchist Library, https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/randy-lowens-how-do-you-practice-intersectionalism.
- ↑ David Graeber, "Are You an Anarchist? The Answer May Surprise You!", The Anarchist Library, http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-graeber-are-you-an-anarchist-the-answer-may-surprise-you.
- ↑ Colin Ward, Anarchy Works.
- ↑ Ferris Jabr, "The Social Life of Forests", New York Times, 2 December, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/12/02/magazine/tree-communication-mycorrhiza.html.
- ↑ Layla AbdelRahim, Children's Literature, Domestication, and Social Foundation (New York: Routledge, 2015), 3-4.
- ↑ Robin Wall Kimmerer, "The Serviceberry: An Economy of Abundance," Emergence Magazine, 2020, https://emergencemagazine.org/story/the-serviceberry/.
- ↑ Brian Swimme and Thomas Berry, The Universe Story: From the Primordial Flaring Forth to the Ecozoic Era - A Celebration of the Unfolding of the Cosmos (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992), 75.
- ↑ Vandana Shiva, "Foreword" in Derrick Jensen and George Draffan, Strangely Like War: The Global Assault on Forests (White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing Company, 2003), vii.
- ↑ Murray Bookchin, The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy (Palo Alto: Cheshire Books, 1982), 26.
- ↑ "Ursula K Le Guin's speech at National Book Awards", The Guardian, 20 November 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/nov/20/ursula-k-le-guin-national-book-awards-speech.